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Sir Fredrick Banting
Nobel Prize Winner
1891 - 1941
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Frederick
Grant Banting was born on November 14, 1891, at Alliston,
Ont., Canada. Educated at the Public
and High Schools at Alliston, he later went to the University
of Toronto to study divinity, but soon transferred to the study
of medicine. In 1916 he took his M.B. degree and at once joined
the Canadian Army Medical Corps, and served, during the First
World War, in France. In 1918 he was wounded at the battle
of Cambrai and in 1919 he was awarded the Military Cross for
heroism under fire.
When the war ended in 1919, Banting returned to Canada and was for
a short time a medical practitioner at London, Ontario. He studied
orthopaedic medicine and was resident surgeon at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. From 1920 until 1921
he did part-time teaching in orthopedics at the University
of Western Ontario at London, Canada, besides his general practice,
and from 1921 until 1922 he was Lecturer in Pharmacology at the
University of Toronto. In 1922 he was awarded his M.D. degree, together
with a gold medal.
Earlier, however, Banting had become deeply interested in diabetes. The efforts of the team in 1921-1922 culminated in developing the ability to obtain a useful extract, named insulin.
This was hailed as one of the most significant advances in medicine
at the time. Insulin was not only discovered, but put into mass
production in a matter of months. Hence, almost immediately it began to
extend the lives of millions of people worldwide who suffered from the endocrine disease diabetes
that could not be treated and had a very poor prognosis. People who
suffered from problems with fat and protein metabolism, leading to
blindness and then death only had a short time after the onset of the
illness.
In 1922 Banting had been appointed Senior Demonstrator in Medicine
at the University of Toronto, and in 1923 he was elected to the
Banting and Best Chair of Medical Research, which had been endowed
by the Legislature of the Province of Ontario. He was also appointed
Honorary Consulting Physician to the Toronto General Hospital, the
Hospital for Sick Children, and the Toronto Western Hospital. In
the Banting and Best Institute, Banting dealt with the problems
of silicosis, cancer, the mechanism of drowning and how to counteract
it. During the Second World War he became greatly interested in
problems connected with flying (such as blackout).
In addition to his medical degree, Banting also obtained, in 1923,
the LL.D. degree (Queens) and the D.Sc. degree (Toronto). Prior
to the award of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 1923,
which he shared with Macleod, he received the Reeve Prize of the
University of Toronto (1922). In 1923, the Canadian Parliament granted
him a Life Annuity of $7,500. In 1928 Banting gave the Cameron Lecture
in Edinburgh. He was appointed member of numerous medical academies
and societies in his country and abroad, including the British and
American Physiological Societies, and the American Pharmacological
Society. He was knighted in 1934.
As a keen painter, Banting once took part of a painting expedition
above the Arctic Circle, sponsored by the Government.
Banting married Marion Robertson in 1924; they had one child, William
(b. 1928). This marriage ended in a divorce in 1932, and in 1937
Banting married Henrietta Ball.
When the Second World War broke out, he served as a liaison officer
between the British and North American medical services and, while
thus engaged, he was, in February 1941, killed in an air disaster
in Newfoundland.
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